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Bangladesh Constitutional Crisis 2024: Sovereignty, Protests, and the Demand for a Rewrite
Constitutional Law

Bangladesh Constitutional Crisis 2024: Sovereignty, Protests, and the Demand for a Rewrite

By Md. Ibrahim Khalilullah · 6 December 2025

In Bangladesh, the Constitution begins with a striking assertion: “All powers in the Republic belong to the people.” Yet, that promise has aged poorly. The machinery of constitutional change is slow, dense, and sealed off from direct public influence, requiring a two-thirds vote in Parliament under Article 142. The public, whose will the Constitution claims to represent, has no formal say in reshaping it. This tension—between the people’s proclaimed ownership of the state and their actual exclusion—reached a breaking point in 2024. The Anti-Discrimination Student Movement (AdSM) quickly erupted into something larger. Protesters were no longer just demanding policy; they were calling for the Constitution itself to be dismantled and rewritten from the ground up. The question that exploded into public view was this: What does it mean for a people to be sovereign if they can’t touch their own Constitution? The protests, arguably a constituent moment, led to the Prime Minister stepping down, Parliament dissolving, and an interim government being appointed. Bangladesh now lacks the legal infrastructure to navigate this moment, forcing a confrontation with the paradox at its heart: The very document that declares the people sovereign simultaneously tells them that structural changes are off-limits. A Constitution that opens by declaring that power belongs to the people must do more than echo their sovereignty. It must make room for their voices when the time comes to start again.

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